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Yesterday started off as a good day. It did not end the same.

Buckle up…. It’s a long ride till the end.

The time had come to move the pigs to a new paddock. They had rooted up and trampled the old one pretty good. Last year’s paddocks had recovered quite nicely and were filled with tall, lush, green, grasses that we were excited for the new pigs to enjoy. This area was on the opposite side of our path into the woods and the current pig paddock, so we had to make a laneway across the path and then open it up into the new paddock. This laneway was more narrow than normal but still a good 15ft wide.

Unbeknownst to us, this was our first mistake.

All was set up and ready then CJ realized that he had forgot to move the large feeder into the new paddock. We empty out the feeder and leave the buckets of feed in that area of the old paddock while we move the feeder into the new paddock and set everything up again. CJ places the feeder in the laneway but closer to the opening of the paddock area. He doesn’t fill it with feed yet, as we figure we would fill it once they were off exploring.

Unbeknownst to us, this was our saving grace and our downfall.

CJ and I decided to video the whole process of setting up a new paddock and moving the pigs. We hoped to document how easy it was, the methods we used, and to show the pigs enjoying new pasture. It was supposed to be educational for others, however, we ended up learning a valuable lesson ourselves.

All started out well. The pigs were trapped in home base while we prepared the laneway and paddock. The time came to release the pigs into their new area. We are used to the pigs being cautious and exploring the new areas slowly. So, I got in place in the middle of the laneway, with my camera ready, and talked sweetly to the pigs to coax them out. I have been spending time with them so that they willingly come to me when I crouch down and call them. This worked well and they started to emerge.

They walk slowly down the laneway, sniffing and exploring. Once they get past me is when the problem began. Some hover at the feeder looking for food instead of exploring the new area. The feeder placement now makes the pigs stop or forces them to go around the feeder making their walking area even smaller. Two of the pigs are walking close to the electric net fence. They are walking side by side touching one another. We will call these two pigs: Pig 1 and pig 2 with a cameo of Pig 3 . These are the pigs that will unknowingly cause pure chaos and the impending stampede.

Pig 1 is walking on the right, by the fence. Pig 2 is on the left walking beside pig 1. Along comes pig 3 who walks up to the left of pig 2, placing pig 2 in the middle of a pig sandwich. This is the moment where everything goes to hell. Pig 1 starts to turn to the right. His little piggy butt goes left nudging Pig 2’s piggy butt. Pig 1 continues the turn, but he is too close to the fence, he doesn’t have room. His face brushes the fence sending an electrical current through his body into pig 2. Pig 1 continues his turn to the right. Pig 2 however, is quite surprised that his little piggy butt just randomly exploded with electricity. This spooks him, understandably so, and he tries to turn right as well to escape his own behind attacking him. However, he is blocked by Pig 1 who is still in the process of turning around and pig 3 on his other side. Pig 2 is stuck between two pigs, with his butt ablaze with electricity. He chooses the only option of escape available to him. Straight into the electric net fence. He bursts forward with an amount of instant energy that only a spooked pig can, and his nose goes through the bottom square of the net fence. His behind is no longer on fire with electricity as now his face has exploded with it. There is nowhere to go. He is in full panic mode, so he musters all his piggy strength, says to hell with this, and pushes forward. He pops his whole head through the square and is determined to plow right through, which he does successfully. In this moment of the video, you can hear me say “Oh shiiiiiiiii!” and CJ say “Oh, not good, not good!” as he bursts free of the fence. He is free, running wild. (We will post the video on YouTube in the very near future for your viewing pleasure)

Pig 2 at this point is confused and looking at Pig 1 running away like a mad pig and thinks to himself… “What the heck is going on over there?”. Pig 3, thinking the same, has turned to see what is going on as well.

I drop the camera and run to the fence. Pig 2 has lifted part of the fence up. I remember yelling to CJ if I should hold the fence up so he can get Pig 2 back in. This is the moment mass hysteria sets in and our hopes and dreams of a successful paddock switch is utterly crushed. Another spooked pig runs right under the fence in pursuit of Pig 2. All the other pigs are now scared of whatever has scared Pig 2 and being herd animals, they all rush the fence. In a matter of seconds, we have 10 panicked pigs running straight through the fence. Some are tangled in the fence, getting electrocuted, screaming, and some are making it through. They completely destroy the fence, 9 of them eventually making it out. One pig, I call him Possum, had been stuck in the fence for about 10 straight minutes as CJ and I are trying our best to contain the situation of 12 crazed, freaked out, scared, pigs. CJ runs over and frees him from the fence, but he is on the wrong side of the fence now and runs for his buddies.

All our pigs have now escaped to an area that is no longer fenced in. $12,000.00 worth of pigs are now running wild, in a direction that will eventually lead them to the road if they continue it. This is our worst fear. If you have ever tried to catch a scared, small, pig, (much less 12) you will understand that fear. My heart breaks for this catastrophe, and in that split second as its breaking, I think of CJ, his love for farming, the pigs, and the heartache that this will cause him. My hears shatters a second time. I did not even know your heart could break twice in the same instant.

Thankfully, the pigs all head back to their original paddock and the bushes there that they had come to love hiding under. They nestle under the bush for safety and the comfort of what they know. They are still for the moment. CJ jumps into action, grabs a roll of wire and gets to setting up a one strand wire perimeter fence around the area hoping it is just enough to contain them. I call Little CJ in the house, inform him of our emergency, and ask him to come help. He drops what he is doing and comes out to assist.

While CJ is trying to get the perimeter fence up, the pigs calm down a little and start to emerge from the bush. This has the potential to be very bad. Little CJ & I try to block them from open areas without spooking them any further. This includes, moving slowly and calmly. However, if they run, we must move quickly, which spooks them and they will scatter in all directions. Some change direction and head for an open path, which will eventually lead them right to our neighbor’s cow pasture. My poor heart drops again, but we are able to block them, and they head back to whence they came.

Eventually one of them noticed the feed buckets we left and begins to head over. The others follow and they proceed to chow down. This is good for the moment. It allows the three of us to finish the perimeter fence and then to begin trying to reconstruct the net fencing around them. We do the best we can with the net fence as it is tangled, torn, and twisted. We get it done though. It is a wreck, but it is something.

Both CJ’s move into place as blockers and I try to approach the pigs, calmly, slowly, talking sweetly to announce myself. I move one bucket at a time away from them up to the home base, hoping they will follow. They do not. I spill some of the feed out and crouch down calling them. They are not having it this time. They have already filled their bellies and are no longer interested in the feed or me. We spend a long time calling them and trying to gently coerce them back to home base, to no avail.

I remember reading something about using marshmallows to get pigs to follow you, so while they are calm, I run to the house and my horde of “smores supply” marshmallows. Big CJ at the same time realizes that they have a belly full of dry feed and no water. They will be thirsty. He grabs a water barrel and starts filling it with the hose up in home base. He runs back to help block again. The barrel starts to overflow and trickle down to where the pigs are.

I come running back with my marshmallows, and notice that the pigs are following the stream of water back to home base. I start throwing marshmallows in to entice them further. This works and all the piggies make it back to the safety of home base. Big CJ closes them in with a hog panel and a couple more strands of hot wire.

They are contained. They are safe. We can now breathe again. Our nerves are shot, the pig’s nerves are shot. The pigs bed down in the hay for a nice nap, and CJ & I just sit and watch them for a while, making sure all is well.

We decide to keep them in there for a few days so that they learn to respect the fence again.

We rewatch the video in slow motion and conclude that the narrow lane way, placement of the feeder (with no feed in it) were the initial mistakes and catalyst to our disaster, as we have NEVER lost a pig to the net fence. The area was just too small, they all stopped at the feeder, clogging up the laneway, did not know the area, and had nowhere to go once spooked.

So, in an effort to educate others, we have educated ourselves with a lesson that we will not soon forget.

We will eventually have to move them to the new paddock, with changes to our method, but for now we are just relishing in the peace that they are contained and safe.

Never, and I do mean never, is there a dull moment on the farm!!!

Good Morning!

We are excited to announce that our farm was selected to participate in a research grant focused on developing small-scale silvopasture systems using pigs!  The funding will come from Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (NE SARE) and will be conducted over the next two years.  Our goal is to take initial soil readings and a plant inventory, run the pigs through our paddock rotation allowing them to do their piggy thing in the woods, and then take follow-up soil samples and a plant inventory to gauge the effect the pigs have on the woodlot.  Our hope is that the data will demonstrate the positive effects pigs have with regard to fertility (naturally spreading their manure), plant diversity and control (disadvantaging non-desirable or non-productive species), and minimal to no soil compaction.  Our results will be made publicly available through a variety of outreach methods including publication on the NE SARE website, frequent updates at skylinepastures.com, an interview on the Pastured Pig Podcast (release date TBD), and workshops on our farm.

Ideally, we will be able to clearly show that farmers (or anyone interested in raising pigs) can take underutilized woody areas on their property, and with minimal infrastructure can profitably raise pork while improving their land.  The potential benefits of this project are increasing the market for forest-raised pork and therefore increasing the demand for specialized pork processors and producers while sustainably benefiting the land here in Pennsylvania and anywhere else these methods are adopted.  This project will also benefit animal welfare by raising pigs in their natural state rather than in barns or on concrete pads.  A cursory search of the interenet will show that there are others raising pigs in a similar fashion but it’s not easy to find anyone showing the results and benefits with quantifiable data in the way we intend to present it.  If you are interested in raising your own pigs, or if you want to know more about where real food comes from, then please follow our work and don’t hesitate to reach out if you have any questions about our methods, or our farm in general!

Thanks!

-CJ and Tanya

There are benefits (and drawbacks) of frequently moving your birds which we would like to briefly detail below.

Winter is the period where our birds typically turn into freeloaders while the daylight hours are short. This year the ducks have picked up the slack providing us a couple eggs a day while the hens take a break. We have 16 ducks and 12ish chickens running in a mixed flock that we contain with poultry netting. We would prefer to let them run free, but the chickens have a bad habit of getting eaten by foxes and the ducks like to head over to the neighbor’s and mess up their flower beds. That being said, hawks still land in our fenced area and eat our birds and the new Muscovy ducks fly out and do as they please, so our efforts are so-so at best. Additionally, their water requires electricity to keep it from freezing so we need to be careful where we keep the birds in the winter so that they are within reach of an extension cord.

The birds have a relatively large area but with almost 30 of them running around they need to be moved pretty frequently or they start to have a negative impact on the land. Manure can accumulate faster than the ground can absorb it, ducks make mud-holes that take time to fill and reseed, and the mobile coop shades areas which inhibits vegetative growth. The movement process was very easy pre-duck since we could just move the coop at night while the chickens were sleeping, and they would simply wake up in their new area like nothing happened. Since the ducks have joined us however, movement has become significantly more complicated. The ducks never sleep (at least not at the same time) and have no interest in doing what they are told. They need to be herded through laneways constructed of fencing which is time consuming and doesn’t always work. Ducks can be less than brilliant and sometimes will get tangled in the fencing for no reason other than to cause us angst. The last time this happened, Tanya was stabbed in the hand with one of their dagger-like claws so now our ducks have tasted blood, and I fear they enjoyed it.

The new plan is to still move the chickens while they are in the coop (either dusk or dawn), and after the coop is in its new location, to herd the ducks while using food as a motivator. This plan worked relatively well this morning. If you are interested, please check out the process at https://youtu.be/JCKd2Yhcyuw. You will see that, with some minor hiccups like an attempted duck escape, the process works pretty well. Also there is a point where the hitch gets stuck to the Kubota and if you pay attention you will notice that I trap myself and the Kubota in with the birds!  We also intend to significantly improve video production and editing during 2023. Should be a fun project! 

Thank you again and until next time, 

CJ and Tanya 

Pigs are large.

Pigs are hungry. 

We have experienced some feeding issues this year with the pigs. They have been wasting a large portion of their feed. Last year CJ built a barrel feeder and while it worked for the 6 pigs, we were not overly pleased with it. With the additional pigs this year, we knew it just wasn’t big enough.

So earlier this year CJ built a larger feeder using a food grade IBC tote. It was definitely big enough to accommodate all 14 pigs and he thought he had built it in such a way that they couldn’t waste feed. He built it with two PVC pipes at the bottom that the pigs could nudge, and feed would fall down from the container. He also built the base small enough to where they could get their heads in, but they could not lay in it and push feed out onto the ground. We expected this feeding system to work well for us. We were incorrect. It did work as it should, however, the pigs were still able to knock a good portion of the feed out onto the ground. Once this happened, the feed was lost as the pigs might eat some of it, but most of it would be left to rot. We were spending much more than we anticipated on feed costs and gas to pick up the feed from the mill. This just couldn’t continue. 

CJ decided that he would feed the pigs in two troughs, twice a day. More work for him but this would help us cut down on our losses and motivate the pigs to eat all the feed knowing that they no longer had the choice to free feed. This works well since we can monitor exactly how much they are eating. They also seem to eat all the feed with little wasted. However, this has produced yet another problem for us. 

The pigs now know when feeding time is and they are very excited for it. They have been waiting to eat and they are hungry, hungry, piggies. They are also about 300lbs each. Imagine fourteen 300lb animals all rushing at you at once and you can imagine how this presents a problem for the person with the feed buckets. With the previous feeding system, the pigs knew they could get feed anytime they wanted and didn’t really worry about us coming into their paddock. Now every time CJ goes in, they think it is feed time and get excited rushing at him. They also fight each other to get to the trough. I used to have no issues going into the paddock as the pigs never presented any problems for me. However, I no longer feel safe going in with them. I am a tiny individual and while I would like to think I am small but mighty, each pig has me by about 200lbs and all 14 of them together have me by about 4,100lbs. I am no match for 4,100lbs of excited and ready to fight for feed, beasts. No thank you. CJ agrees with me on this as he has had his own issues.

Once at feeding time CJ was walking back and forth, stepping over the fence, trying to be quick grabbing his feeding buckets when he fell. He fell right on the fence, continually getting zapped, trying to get up while piggies were climbing on his legs. If this wasn’t enough, once he did get up and back to feeding the pigs, they all surrounded him at the trough. One went through his legs and the others beside his legs, packing in tight and pinning him there, jostling him around as he tried to get his legs free so that he could get out of the pig’s way. While he did manage, he almost fell again in a pile of pigs. This is not a position that I want to put my tiny self into. 

They pigs are never aggressive, but they are hungry, and they will fight each other to get to the feed. CJ told me again today that he will be the only person going into the pig paddock due to safety concerns. As if I needed telling twice. I choose life every time!

Farming is a continuous learning process. Change any part of the equation – the number of animals, feeding system, new areas, different breeds of animals, anything – and you will find yourself back at the beginning, trying to figure out new ways to handle things.  What worked before no longer works for you. We are still small scale and still trying to find our groove. Each year we grow our business and each year things change again. We learn a little bit more than we did the year before. That is part of the process and the beauty of it. We will continue to learn and keep at it!

We have had a few comments recently about some of the pictures we post on our Facebook/Instagram pages of the animals. It can be hard for animal lovers to view the pictures of our animals, knowing that we raise them for meat and not pets. Being an animal lover myself, I completely understand this and would like to explain why we continue to post the cute pictures of our animals.

Our desire to start this farm came from becoming aware of how our food was being delivered to us. We realized that the convenient options available to us for our meat came at a very high price. That price was not only unhealthy food that we were feeding our family, but often the animals themselves living in poor conditions and being raised unethically. We decided to stop being a part of the problem and offer a solution, for ourselves and others.

Skyline Pastures was born, and we began raising animals for meat. Our solution to the problems we saw with commercial meat production was to offer a different kind of product, a healthier product. Our plan to achieve this goal had two parts. The first part of our solution meant we had to feed our animals better quality food, a healthier food, as well as giving them the option of foraging for food that they would naturally eat in the wild. The second part was to raise our animals ethically and give them a good happy life here on the farm.

We take both parts very seriously. Each animal on our farm is free range to the best of our extent. They all have the option and space to forage for food. The cow has his own pasture and loves to graze and fill his belly on grass. The chickens are raised on pasture as well, with the ability to forage for fresh worms, insects, and green plants. The pigs are raised with a large area to roam in the woods, foraging for plant matter, worms, and insects. We make sure that in addition to foraging, our animals are given good quality, non-GMO feed. We raise our animals ethically and ensure that they are living a healthy, safe, peaceful life, in a more natural environment. We try to give our animals more than ample space to live.  No one is ever crowded. We try to raise them in an area that is natural to them. We want our animals to live a happy life. Sometimes that means that the cow gets a beach ball to play with, or that we take treats out to the egg laying chickens just because. Sometimes that means doing whatever is possible for a sick animal to nurse it back to health. We spend time with our animals, getting to know them and they us. They get cuddles and pets. We love our animals. This love and care of our animals is our promise to our customers. A happy animal is a healthier animal, and we strive to achieve that with each animal raised on our farm.

Therefore, posting pictures on social media is important to us and our customers. We want to not only deliver a healthy product, but to show you how we are doing so. We want you to see how these animals are being raised. We want you to see that our animals are living a happy healthy life. We want to show that they are loved and cared for to the best of our ability. When something goes wrong, or we have a sick animal, we want you to see our dedication to the issue or animal and how we react to it. We want you to see the compassion and care that we provide for our animals every day. So, while it can be hard for animal lovers to see the cute pictures of our animals, knowing that we do raise them for meat, it is necessary for us to show that we are delivering on our promises.

We hope that even though it may be hard to see, for some, that you will stay and enjoy our journey along with us!

Those of you who know me well, know that I am not a fan of the cold weather. This poses a problem for me on the farm during winter. It is COLD outside. However, the chores must be done regardless of the weather out. Having family and friends in the south, I often get asked how I can stand being out in the cold. Well… to be honest, I do not handle it well and have learned the importance of good gear to stay warm and dry!

The other morning when preparing to do chores it was 20 degrees out. It was time to gear up and get the job done! This is how I roll in the cold:

#1 – Hands: when doing farm chores this is my number one concern. My hands get wet when dealing with waterers. Wet and cold hands are frozen hands. Frozen hands are not productive. My favorite gloves are these Kinco HydroFlector gloves. They are waterproof and thermal lined. They keep my hands dry and warm. They protect my hands very well whether I am digging out a crushed egg from my pocket, grabbing hay, or digging bedding out of the chicken waterer. They serve me well on the farm and I do not go out without them.

#2 – Feet: CJ has a saying that “Wet feet are not happy feet”, I would say wet or cold feet. My feet must be protected. Who knows what I will be walking through on the farm! I also empty waterers and deal with the hose quite a bit, so my feet occasionally get wet. My favorite boots are my Muck boots. They are simply the best. My feet stay dry and they are easily cleaned off with the hose if needed. I have owned this pair over a year – using them daily when I worked at the shelter and the past year here on the farm. They are still in great shape and hold up well! They are a tad big on my little feet as they did not offer half sizes when I bought them, so I had to go a size larger. A good thick pair of winter socks solves that problem though and helps to keep my feet warm as well.

On really cold days such as the 20 degree day, I employ my heated socks. These were a gift and I love them! You can feel the warmth as soon as you hit the button. They are quite comfortable! I thought the battery pack on the side would be uncomfortable, but I do not even notice it. The pocket holds it nicely and it does not move around or fall out.  The muck boots have plenty of room so again, I do not notice it when walking around.

#3 Head – Long hair is a pain. It gets in my way and I cannot see if it is in my face. We all know how these animals like to come at me. I need to be prepared! A ponytail is a must on the farm. However, that does make keeping my head warm an issue. That is until I found this beanie hat with a hole in it for my ponytail. Seriously, love this thing! It is the small things that make me happy! I can wear my hair up and keep my head/ears warm. It is quite warm too. A must have in my book.

#4 Face – Typically I do not use anything for my face. On the snowy or windy days though, my chin will freeze solid and my nose will look like Rudolph so then I throw on my fleece lined face shield. It does a great job of keeping my face warm and thawed out! Sometimes I throw it on if I know I will be out longer than normal. I have recently learned that it helps with the dust from the hay as well so maybe I should wear it more!

#5 Body – I always throw on a pair of sweatpants over my leggings. I keep an old pair that I have deemed my farm britches in the closet for this purpose. Paired with the leggings they keep me warm and I do not have to worry if they get dirty.

My most favorite thing of all is my heated coat. This thing is worth its weight in gold to me. It is mine, and no one else can touch it – ever. HA! It has a battery pack that fits in an inner pocket that can be taken out and charged via USB. It warms up quickly and stays warm for quite a while. I have never had it lose power while wearing it. It has three heat settings, although I only ever use the warmest setting. Recently I learned that it washes well, after I accidently cracked an egg in the pocket. It also fits well under one of CJ’s large raincoats so I can still wear it if its rainy or snowy! It keeps me warm outside on the coldest of days!

These items are how I manage not to freeze to death outside while doing farm chores. They may be unnecessary or over the top for some, but I am warm and dry and that is what matters to me! I refuse to be cold or wet!

The next batch of chickens have arrived! We picked up 100 new baby chicks! Thankfully, it is quite warmer than the last time we brought chicks home, so everything went smoothly, and it was easy to keep the temperature steady in the brooder. They are all cuddled up and cute as can be!

We will not be selling all the 100 birds this time, as we would like to keep some on hand for our personal use. We only plan to sell 80 out of this batch. So, if you are interested in purchasing a chicken, make sure to place your order soon! We have had orders coming in before the new chicks even arrived on the property, so I do not want anyone to miss out!

I will oversee caring for the chicks in their first couple of weeks. CJ will be away for work. I think I have the hang of chicken rearing down so that no adventures occur, but they always seem to happen when I least expect it!

Some of you may have seen the post announcing the addition of the four new barn cats: Mable, Musketeer, Pat, & Dani. They are doing well! They are roaming freely inside the barn and have even begun to venture outside a little. Musketeer is very friendly and loves to be petted when we go in. He has even jumped up into my lap a time or two! Mable is a little wary of people but will come up to you if you sit still for a while. The kittens (4mo old), Pat & Dani, are skittish and love to run around the barn and play. Pat is warming up more to people and will occasionally allow himself to be pet, Dani is not quite there yet and is keeping her distance. They all come running in the morning for breakfast though! We are hoping that they help with any rodents in the barn.

We had only intended on getting ONE barn cat. Now most of you will think that I had something to do with bringing FOUR home, but I assure you this was all on CJ. He called the Animal Rescue League and spoke with them about their barn cat program. He was told that it really is better to get two cats, so they have some company and are not alone. Having worked there in the past, I knew this to be true and a good piece of advice. CJ agreed and set an appointment to go to the shelter. The next day the gentleman from the ARL called and said that he understood we had agreed on two cats, but would we be interested in one more cat that they had there. CJ agreed. The next day, we get another call. I

know we had agreed on THREE cats, but there was another cat there that had really bonded with the kittens and would be a great addition to our farm. At this point CJ was thinking “What’s one more” and agreed. Hence, the four cats we brought home.

I am not complaining, I love them all. I do feel, however, that CJ and I have reversed our roles. Normally it is me who brings animals home all

the time and has no restraint. Here lately, it seems, that CJ is fulfilling that role while I am being the reasonable one saying, “No more animals”! I see now what he has put up with all these years! HA!

I read a quote the other day that I could really relate too. It said “Chickens… The Gateway Drug to Farming”. It is certainly true in our case! We started out with 7 chickens. We now have, 6 chickens for egg laying, 100 meat chickens, a donkey, a cow, 2 bunnies, and 4 barn cats, Oh… and a guinea pig! That is in addition to our 1 dog (really, we could count him as 2 or 3), 2 cats, & 2 turtles inside! I know in my heart if he sees another farm animal for sale, he will not be strong enough to resist. Maybe I finally broke him with all my past begging for more animals. I guess the old saying is true, be careful what you wish for!

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On that note, Cow Cow is doing great. He is getting bigger and bigger! He is getting to be too much for even CJ to control inside the pasture at times. His Jersey breed means he is playful and has quite an attitude. Evidently God blessing us with a daughter abounding with attitude was not challenging enough, so he gave us a cow with an attitude to boot! I may need to search for a “Training Your Cow, for Dummies” book soon! Maybe there is a Cow Whisperer, that can help? That should totally be a thing, and I would pay top dollar for the service!

Overall, things are going well here on the farm. Things are running smoothly for once and I think we are getting the hang of this farming stuff down! Let us hope it stays that way!

Here on the farm we would like all of our animals to be fed in the most natural way. How they were intended to eat. What they were designed to eat. What is natural for them and in turn natural for us. This has been our principal since we started this adventure and it is very important to us. 

However, we also assumed that would be an easy feat. Cows and donkeys eat grass, so stick them in the pasture and let them eat grass. We have large pastures, plenty of room for the animals we have, so we didn’t expect an issue with feeding in this fashion. Turns out, this has only worked well for Jasper the donkey. 

We are learning that there is so much more involved with this method of feeding. It is definitely not as easy as we thought. There are many things that we did not take into consideration. Some of it was just us rushing into things, excited to begin our farming journey, not researching enough beforehand. We have taken the learn as you go route, which sometimes I feel is the best way. While research is helpful and informative, things often look easy in principle but the reality is things are often quite harder than you expected. 

There has been such a learning curve with the cow. As you know, due to our inexperience and knowledge of cow breeds and feeding requirements of young calves, we almost lost Cow Cow in the beginning. We learned from that experience and got him healthy again. He is getting milk and grain due to his requirements for now but he will soon be off of the milk feedings. CJ would like him to then be grass fed at that point instead of grain fed. There are the problems with that though. 

He is a Jersey breed, a dairy breed. It is just not in his genetics to get as big as a typical breed (say Holstein or Angus) used for beef. That is not to say you can’t feed a Jersey beef cow on grass, however, it will take much longer to achieve that goal than we were expecting. We would be looking more to 5 years or so with him being grass fed vs 18 months or so on grain. 

Pasture quality is also an issue. While we have a large pasture (about 3 acres) just for him, it is the quality of that pasture that is important. All grass is not considered equal in the pasture. There are different types that are more beneficial to different animals. There are plant types that are poisonous. We are not sure what specific grass we do have in the pasture, so it’s hard to ensure he will get what he needs. We do know that the pasture is overrun with various types of weeds. We have an exorbitant amount of Milkweed, which is poisonous to cows. The height of the grass is also an issue. It is too much pasture for the cow to handle. He can’t possibly keep it down, so we must mow. This causes another issue. For one, we don’t have a mower that can handle the taller grasses. Typically in order for the grass to have as much possible nutrients for the cow, it must be kept in the vegitative state, where it is producing more energy to grow, thereby transferring that energy to the cow when he eats it. No more than about 6 inches high. If it gets too tall and goes to seed, it is no longer producing enough energy for the cow to convert when he eats it. Our mower only goes about 3 inches high, which may keep the grass too short for him. The taller grasses/weeds in our pasture have already gone to seed, which means it will do nothing for him nutritionally, and our mower can not handle it to mow it down. 

I am still nowhere near an expert on cow nutrition, but what I have learned leads me to believe that we will not be able to feed him a grass fed diet alone. From more experienced farmers, we have been told that to eradicate the weeds that have taken over the pasture, we need to spray the field. This does not sit well with CJ, and his adamant choice to not use chemicals. Our only other option would be to continually mow the pasture and hope that over time we can control the weed growth while allowing more grass to grow. This option will take too long to prepare the pasture for feeding a cow that needs to eat now. 

CJ has argued that in the wild, a cow would eat nothing but grass and thrive. The problem with this theory is that in the wild (and current grass fed farm practices), a calf would have been able to nurse from its mother for at least 6 months before grazing grass or turning out to pasture. This has not been the case with Cow Cow and we are not prepared to continue milk feedings for that long. Also, in the wild, cows were not limited in the area they would graze. They had unlimited access to search out the types of grasses that were best suited for their needs. Cow Cow does not have that option. He is confined to the pasture we have for him and the nutrients it provides. 

For now I think that we will continue to feed the cow grain so that he is healthy and gains the appropriate amount in the time frame we were expecting. While this is not what we had hoped to do, there is still much we need to accomplish and learn before attempting a grass fed only beef cow. We will have to be content in the fact that we know where that feed comes from, what exactly is in it, that he is treated properly, and that he will live a life well taken care of. 

I am currently enrolled in a Pasture Management course from Penn State to learn all that I can to prepare us for that future. We have a great resource in Oley Valley Feed Mill, and Brian there has been an amazing help to us. He is always willing to take the time to help us, educate us, and goes the extra mile for us whenever we visit. 

I look forward to learning more so that in the future we can move towards grass fed only beef.